Creative Arts_ 2022

Characteristics of a Line

Can be:

• descriptive (describing the shape)

• expressive (evoking a response)

• static/dynamic (sense of stability or movement)

• gestural (result of physical energy)

Physical properties of a Line

● Measurement (long, short, thick) ● Direction (horizontal, diagonal, curved) ● Location (edge, surface, outline, linking) ● Character (mechanical, controlled, soft, hard...)

What can lines do?

When used together, can create:

• Tone

• Texture

• Pattern

• Rhythm

• Space

• Depth

Shape

A 2D area with a recognizable boundary

Form

• A 3D shape

• Has height, width and depth

• The illusion of volume in a 2D work

Organic shapes

Shapes from nature with irregular outlines

Inorganic shapes

Machine made shapes with rigid/geometric outlines

Positive shape

The real shape or object

Negative shape

The background that surrounds the positive shape

Tone

• The degree of light and dark in a given artwork

• Create volume and 3D shapes

How do you work with tonal values?

Because forms do not have outlines in real life and are defined by light (without light we do not see forms). One must carefully observe how light falls on a form

Texture

• The surface quality or feel of an object

• Can be visual or tactile

Frottage

A textural transfer technique; the process of taking rubbings from rough surfaces

What does colour do?

• Evokes emotions, moods and feelings

• Symbolizes and transmits non-verbal information

Primary colors

• Red, Yellow, Blue

• Colors that cannot be made by mixing together other colors

Secondary colors

• Orange, Purple, Green

• Are made by mixing 2 primary colors together

Intermediate colors

● Red-orange, Yellow-orange, Yellow-green, Blue-green, Blue-violet, Red-violet ● Between the primary and secondary colors on the colour wheel

Brown

Tertiary color created by mixing two complimentary colors

Black (pigment)

Presence of all colors

White (pigment)

Absence of all colors

Tints

Colors mixed with white

Shades

Colors mixed with black

Intensity of colour

The brightness or dullness of a colour

Complementary colors

• Always a pair of colors

• A primary and secondary colour directly opposite each other on the color wheel

• When places side by side, they contrast and appear to vibrate

Monochromatic

• A monochromatic painting using variations of one colour only

• A pure color is used alone with black and/or white OR mixed with black and/or white

Warm colors

• Red, Orange, Yellow

• Seem to come towards the viewer in space

• Create a feeling of excitement

Cool colors

• Blue, Green, Yellow-green

• Seem to recede towards the back in a painting

• Have a calming effect

Linear perspective

• based on the observation that parallel lines appear to meet at the horizon at one or more vanishing points

Aerial perspective

• when the atmosphere softens shapes and colors in the distance

Composition

The combination of art elements to form a pleasing whole

Balance

• refers to the arrangement of elements to create stability in an artwork

• 'looks' and 'feels' right

Symmetrical balance

Where both sides are similar in visual weight and almost mirrored

• looks more stiff and formal

Asymmetrical balance

Where both sides are similar in visual weight but nor mirrored

• creates more interesting compositions

Radial balance

Everything radiates outward from a central point

• not very common is artist's compositions

Rhythm/Movement

Refers to ways of combining art elements to produce the same movement in an artwork

• may be achieved through repetition, alternation or progression of an element

Emphasis

Refers to developing points of interest to pull the viewer's eye to important parts in the work

• also refers to focal points in the composition

• can be created using color tone etc.

Unity/Harmony

Refer to the wholeness which results from the successful of the elements of an artwork

• unity provides the cohesive quality that makes an artwork feel complete and finished

Variety

The quality or state of having different forms or types, notable use of contrast, emphasis, difference in size and color

Contrast

Refers to visual difference in an artwork

• creates interesting compositions and artworks

• refers to the difference between eg. lines, shapes, tonal values, colors etc.

Proportion

The size relationship of parts to a whole and to another

Sophiatown (also called Kofifi)

• Suburb of Johannesburg

• Destroyed under Apartheid and rebuilt under the name Triomf

• Was returned to original name in 2006

What was Sophiatown?

• A legendary black cultural hub

• Epicenter of politics, jazz and blues during the 1940s and 1950s

Well-known people who lived in Sophiatown

• Musician, Hugh Muskela

• Writers, Don Mattera and Can Themba

• Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu

The first South African musical to travel internationally

King Kong, based on a Kofifi legend who was a boxer

What was also popular in Kofifi?

Kwela music, identifiable by the penny-whistle

Tsotsitaal

• Born in the townships of greater Gauteng

• Popular means of expression in Kofifi

Zumba

Columbian-dance inspired exercise program that incorporates different international dance influences with martial arts movements

High-paced, fun, fat- blasting program

Who created the Zumba fitness program, how and when did it happen?

• Created by Alberto "Beto" Perez

• On his way to teach an aerobics class, he realized he had forgotten his music and had to make a fast substitution with the tapes he had in his car

• Came about in the mid-1990s

Origin of the name Zumba

Beto along with two other fitness enthusiasts, Alberto Perlman and Alberto Aghion, released a series of fitness videos They dubbed it Zumba, a word that doesn't have a specific meaning Due to its similarity to the word rumba, Pérez and his partner began to replace the first letter until they landed on Sumba Pérez ultimately decided to spell it with the letter Z because he like Zorro when he was a child

Influences behind Zumba

Zumba keeps its roots in Latin-inspired music and dance, although other influences are incorporated giving, it a more global appeal

How is Zumba choreography composed?

By using all or some of sixteen core steps

4 basic rhythms of Zumba

Salsa Reggaetón Merengue Cumbia

Each basic rhythm has.....

4 core steps

What does Zumba combine?

The dance styles of cumbia, salsa, merengue, mambo, flamenco, chachacha, reggaetón, soca, samba, hip hop, axé and tango

Benefits of warming up

• increase oxygen intake and heart rate

• helps with flexibility of joints and elasticity of muscles

• reduces risk of injury

• helps to be aware of physical self and focus on mind

Basic warm ups

Pointe and flex:standing Circling the head Shoulder drops Shoulder rolls

Benefits of cooling down

• helps to gradually reduce speed

• helps to reduce the size of movements

• helps muscles relax

• normalize breathing and heart rate

Basic cool downs

Cat stretch Shoulder stretch Back twist stretch Standing quadricep stretch

Types of movements

Locomotor movements - move from one place to another Axial movements - movement that can be done in one spot by moving various body parts

Types of arrangements

Mirror - standing opposite your partner, your left and right are reversed Unison - standing next to your partner doing exactly the same thing at the same time Canon - like unison, but starting at different times, staggering the start in a ripple effect

History of Pantsula

• energetic dance style that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s

• emerged as a response to forced removals implemented by the Apartheid Government

• began in 2 townships in Johannesburg, Alexandra and Sophiatown

• was used as an expression of resistance against the Aparthied Government during political struggle in SA

Pantsula dance style

• quick stepping

• an influence of tap dancing

• everyday gestures (rolling dice)

• dancers have on the spot rhythmic footwork

• dancers move to Kwaito and House music

• an element of whistling

• style of dressing is important

History of Amapiano

• Amapiano = Zulu for "The Pianos", often referred to as "The Yanos"

• style of House music that emerged in SA in 2012

• combination of deep house, Jazz and Lounge music

• easily identified by high pitched piano melodies

Amapiano dance style

• quick steps and body popping

• "the pouncing cat", the "Zekethe"

History of Gqom

• Zulu word meaning drum/hitting a drum

• emerged in Durban

• minimal form of House music, has beats that have a raw and repetitive sound

Gqom dance style

• Bhenga

• dancers bhenga to the repetitive raw beats of gqom music

• the aim is to grab the audience's attention, so seem flexible as a dancer

• has moves of wavy arms, toe tapping and wobbly knees

• requires proper foot work

• is associated with dance moves such as the "gwara-gwara" and the "Vosho"

Breaking dance style

• an athletic style of street dance

• origins in the united States

• mainly consists of 4 kinds of movement: power moves, toprock, downrock and freezes

• focuses on moves that are on the ground

• uses songs that contain drum breaks, hip hop music, funk and breakbeat music

Is'buja dance style

• invented in the 1990's by young experimental dancers from Soweto

• free style, incorporates elements of Hip Hop, Jive and Pantsula

• Is'buja got merged with House music in the 2000s to be able to create its own different identity

• very energetic, requires every muscle in the dancers body to work to complete the moves

• requires a lot of creativity from dancers