4. Microbial genetics - PID

nucleotide

Composed of a nitrogenous base, five carbon sugar, and up to three phosphate groups

ribose

5 carbon sugar of RNA

deoxyribose

5 carbon sugar of DNA

pyrimidine

Structure composed of a 6 carbon ring nucleic acid

purine

Structure composed of a 5 carbon ring joined to a 6 carbon ring.

Thymine

Adenine matches with

Adenine

Thymine matches with

cytosine

Guanine matches with

guanine

cytosine matches with

True

(True/False): transcription is reversible.

false

(True/False): translation is reversible.

sense strand

The strand of DNA that bears the same sequence as mRNA

antisense strand

The strand of DNA directing synthesis of mRNA via complementary base pairing

coding strand

the sense strand is also known as the

template strand

The antisense strand is also known as the

semiconservative

DNA replication is _____________, meaning a new molecule will be composed of a parental strand and daughter strand.

5', 3'

A DNA sequence is read from the (3'/5') to (3'/5') end of the sense strand

double, single

DNA is (SINGLE/DOUBLE) stranded. RNA is (SINGLE/DOUBLE) stranded.

uracil

Thymine is replaced by _________ in RNA

Replication

The process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule

Transcription

The synthesis of mRNA copied from the DNA base sequence by RNA polymerase.

Translation

The process by which RNA is used to produce proteins.

Mono

Eukaryotic cells are (MONO/POLY)cistronic

Poly

Prokaryotic cells are (MONO/POLY)cistronic

No introns

Prokaryotic cells have (NO INTRONS/INTRONS REMOVED).

Introns removed

Eukaryotic cells have (NO INTRONS/INTRONS REMOVED).

Multiple

Eukaryotic cells have (SINGLE/MULTIPLE) RNA polymerase

single

Prokaryotic cells have (SINGLE/MULTIPLE) RNA polymerase

polyadenylation

Eukaryotic cells have (POLYADENYLATION/NO POLYADENYLATION) at the 3' end

No polyadenylation

Prokaryotic cells have (POLYADENYLATION/NO POLYADENYLATION) at the 3' end

Methylated cap

Eukaryotic cells have (METHYLATED CAP/NO 5' CAP)

no 5' cap

Prokaryotic cells have (METHYLATED CAP/NO 5' CAP)

3

There are _ nucleotides in a codon.

Mutation

A change in the sequence of DNA

mutagen

A ____________ acts directly by modifying a particular base or being incorporated into the nucleic acid

spontaneous

A mutation can be either induced or

induced

A mutation can be either spontaneous or

Silent mutation

A mutation without apparent effect

Silent mutation

A base change in DNA with no change in amino acid product.

Silent mutation

A change in amino acid but no change in resulting protein function (neutral protein substitution)

Missense mutation

Change in codon resulting in a change in amino acid and protein function.

nonsense mutation

Change from a coding codon to a stop codon resulting in premature termination.

frameshift mutation

Inserting or deleting a number of base pairs in multiples other than 3

Transformation

Acquisition of new genetic markers by incorporation of added DNA by bacteria

Conjugation

"mating" between two bacteria involving transfer of genetic material

Transduction

Transfer of bacterial genes from one to another by a phage.

transposition

Movement of a transposon to a new site on in the genome of a bacteria.