Fingerprint Test

loops 65%, whorls 35%, arches 5%

% of each type of fingerprint

3 fundamental principles of fingerprints

They are unique, they can never change, they have ridge

characteristics which allow for classification.

multi factorial trait; both DNA and environment (10-14 weeks gestation)

Origin of fingerprints

ridge characteristics

Minutiae

Latent

Hidden fingerprint

Plastic

3-D fingerprint

Patent

Visible

Photographed, documented, and lifted if possible

All fingerprints must be:

Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System

IAFIS

Uncomfortable to Comfortable, thumbs roll in, fingers roll away

How to correctly roll inked prints

Sir William Herschel

Had workers sign contracts with hand prints; fingerprints don’t change over time, and are unique

Sir Edward Henry

The _____ System (based on presence/absence of whorls

Dactylogram

Scientific name for a fingerprint

does not exist, established by state, usually 12

legal minimum for match in court

150

how many minutiae in each print on average

Genes (DNA)

what codes for class patterns

basal layer of epidermis

where are fingerprints formed

Livescan

Digital machine used to take fingerprints

Marcello Malphighi

First to describe loops, whorls and arches

Juan Vucetich

Policeman who abolished anthropometry in favor of fingerprints in Argentine; 1st one to do so

Plain Arch

Tented Arch

Plain Whorl

Central pocket loop whorl

Double loop

Accidental

Ulnar Loop (Right hand)

little finger opening

Radial Loop (Right hand)

Thumb side of hand opening

The West Brothers

both prisoners at Leavenworth; identical body

measurements (Bertillon measurements), but different fingerprints – US finally adopted fingerprinting

and discarded anthropometry in favor of fingerprinting as way to identify people. _____ were either

identical twins or cousins; most likely given away at birth as they did not know each other.

Bertillion

Came up with anthropometry; first “mug shots” – body measurements.

Fingerprint Powder

For Non-Porus surfaces

Sticks to Oil and sweat

many different colors

Ninhydrin

Best on paper

Reacts w/ Amino Acids

Permanent Purple

Iodine

Cardboard and Porus Surface

Interacts w/ oils and Carbs in a fingerprint

Temporary orange prints reacts with starch solution and turns purple and permanant

Super Glue

Plastic, Metal, glass

put inside a fuming chamber, settles on amino acids

Permanent white print

Silver Nitrate

Wood + Styrofoam

interacts w/ NACL formed from sweat

black/reddish brown print