ART HIST 201A EXAM 2

greek, classical period; located in Athens

Parthenon

covered with combat scenes such as a fight between the centaur and lapith; was an allegory for myths as well as a commentary of recent events--persian war

Parthenon

Greek classical period; is from the Parthenon, metope relief sculture

Lapith and Centaur

commentary on recent Persian war; was seen as symbolic of the great conflict of the civilized Greeks and "Barbarians";

Lapith and Centaur

is considered iconic, and had a now lost text alongside it with instructions on how to recreate the human form.

Polykleitos, Spear Bearer (Roman copy)

Greek classical period, is a roman copy of the original bronze Greek sculpture; Polykleitos is the artist

Polykleitos, Spear Bearer

the epitome of woman in classical Greek art; is an image of Aphrodite; Made for the Temple of Aphrodite at Knidos as a devotion monument

Praxiteles, Aphrodite of Knidos (Roman copy)

Greek Classical period; roman copy, artist is praxiteles

Praxiteles, Aphrodite of Knidos

a krater depicting Artemis killing a mortal who gawked at her while she was bathing (girlboss moment?)

Artemis Slaying Actaeon

Pan Painter, Greek Classical Period; More naturalistic and has a sense of motion. Not a freeze frame like the Archiec period.

Artemis Slaying Actaeon

Greek Hellenistic Period; depicts an enemy of greece struggling against serpents alongside his sons. represents mankind

Laocoon

(mythology) the person depicted was trojan a priest or soothsayer who tried to warn against the Trojan horse; the statue depicts the priest being punished for trying to thwart the Greek's plan

Laocoon

Roman empire; looks like a classical greek piece, however the difference is that the romans created individualized faces (greek faces were more general/a depiction of what is perfect)

Augustus of Primaporta

It represents an emperor as he wanted to be seen and remembered (as he conquered Egypt and the roman empire began); He claimed to be related to Venus himself, and carried out the phophecy that one day his family will rule the world. this is shown with the small cupid at his feet (who is related to venus); torso armor is covered with figural imagery.

Augustus of Primaporta

Roman Empire, low relief engraved/carved gem; associated with Augustus; Most likely sent as a gift as a recognition of their accomplishment and showed what will happen when I die (Tyberius will be emperor).

Gemma Augustea

depicts Augustus being crowned a god in the afterlife; Depicts Augustus in the afterworld, sitting next to personification of Rome, Tiberius [top far left] who just conquered some Barbarians [bottom]; They put the defeated armour head gear on a pole as a flag to announce their victory.

Gemma Augustea

found in the Villa of Mysteries, Pompeii; Roman Empire

Initiation Rites of the Cult of Bacchus

Portrayed the intitiation rites of a mustery religion, most likely the cult of Bacchus; was likely commissioned to commemorate the commissioner joining the cult

Initiation Rites of the Cult of Bacchus

Colosseum, Roman ; became known as such because of statue of Nero next to it called Colossus. Flavian comes from the surname of the e emperor ho commissioned

Flavian Amphitheatre

Its purpose was to be an enormous entertainment center. it became the main source of entertainment and became very profitable for them. It was converted into a church, which is why it still stands today.

Flavian Amphitheatre

Roman; It commemorated the emperor's successful military campaigns against the Dacians with hundres of relief sculpture.

Column of Trajan

Trajan has been removed, replaced with St. Peter [patron saint of Rome]

Column of Trajan

Roman; named after the Pantheon of Gods and Goddesses; used to include a large eagle to represent Jupiter on the front

Pantheon

most famous roman temple; It's known for it's dome known as the "oculus" and was dedicated to be a temple for all the gods (pan = all , theos = gods)

Pantheon

Roman; depicts one of the "good" Roman emperors who had the best interest of their people rather than themselves

Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius

preserved due to belief that it was Constantine [he allowed Christians to practice and build churches]; is very identifiable(?)

Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius

Roman; Hercules cosplay (he wanted to be associated with Hercules)

Bust of Commodus

his gf tried to assassinate him??? he got strangled by a wrestler named narcissus in the bath(???)

Bust of Commodus

Roman; He was accused of killing his own brother and would be depicted as very cruel

Bust of Caracalla

was a very thin skinned person, punished the people of Alexandria for putting on a play that slandered him

Bust of Caracalla

Early Christian Catacomb, located in Rome; was made before Christianity was legal. if a roman were to look at these images, they likely wouldn't think it is Christian; The image was a reminder of jesus's promise " I am the good shepherd. A good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep."

Good Shepard, Orants, and Jonah

A sequence of images that could be interpreted as roman or pagan individually. however the shape that it is arranged in (the shape of a cross) gives it Christian meaning. old myths with similar symbolism to the bible were used so Christian people understood what it was meant to be.

Good Shepard, Orants, and Jonah

Byzantine, Ravenna. Inside contains mosaics

Oratory of Galla Placidia

The building was dedicated to St. Lawrence, but today bears the name of Galla Placidia (daughter of roman emperor Theodoresius I)

Oratory of Galla Placidia

Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Byzantine, Ravenna; St Lawrence is standing over where we was roasted

Martyrdom of St. Lawrence

On the left stands a tall cabinet containing the gospels signifying the faith for which he gave his life. (St Lawrence)

Martyrdom of St. Lawrence

Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Byzantine, Ravenna; purple garmet over lap associates imperial family with Jesus; meaning God is on their side

Good Shepherd, mosaic

located over entrance of Oratory of Galla Placidia; represents a transition period between naturalistic depiction of the classical period into the representation of the medieval period.

Good Shepherd, mosaic

Constantinople (Istanbul), Byzantine; commissioned by Justinian, the 4 towers were added 1,000 year after the structure was finished

Church of Hagia Sophia

built in 5 years; originally a church; Made to symbolize and emobidy imperial power and Christian glory; was changed into a Mosque later on

Church of Hagia Sophia

mosaic, Church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Byzantine; -shows Justinian with clergy and military; includes the Chi Rho - a symbol of Christianity

Emperor Justinian and His Attendants

mosaic, Church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Byzantine; Is opposite Justinian's mosaic; Theodora was a circus performer in a previous life; depicts sacrifices being made to the church

Empress Theodora and Her Attendants

Byzantine, Monastery of St. Catherine, Mt. Sinai, Egypt; Monks did not destroy St. Catherine's monastery, preserving this icon

Icon of the Virgin and Child with Saints Theodore & George and Angels

very old piece that is a survivor of the Early Byzantine Empire destruction stuff; The icon was very old and hidden away.

Icon of the Virgin and Child with Saints Theodore & George and Angels

icon, Russia, Byzantine; named after Russian town of Vladimir-miraculous icon; Not interested in naturualism but more focused on the christian message

Virgin of Vladimir

miraculous icon; was believed to have protected from invasions multiple times

Virgin of Vladimir

Constantinople, Byzantine; Shows the standard Byzantine representation of Christ's ressurection

Anastasis (Resurrection)

We know it is resurrection because of the nymbus behind him which shows the heavenly clouds.

Anastasis (Resurrection)

The Kaaba, Mecca

Islamic; most sacred place in what is now Saudi Arabia; The Kaaba is asymbolic center of the islamic world, the place to which all Muslim prayer is directed and the ultimate destination of Islam's obligatory pilgrimage, the hajj.

The Kaaba, Mecca

symbol of pilgrimage, represents the triumph of Islam when it used to be Polytheistic

Dome of the Rock

Jerusalem, Islamic covers a rock significant to 3 different monotheistic faiths

Dome of the Rock

emphasis on the dome with gilding; use of color-- it is highly decorated; typical inclusion of text from the Quran

Great Mosque of Kairouan

Tunisia, Islamic; aligned to face mecca

Great Mosque of Kairouan

It shows that the Kairouan would become a cosmopolitan metropolis under storng Muslim control.

Jug with Sphinxes and Harpies

Iran, Islamic; was likely a marriage gift

Jug with Sphinxes and Harpies

the sphinxes and harpies look at each other with affectionate gazes, there is a love poem at the base

Sinan, Mosque of Sultan Selim

made by Sinan; Turkey, Islamic; Commissioned by Sultan Selim II

Sinan, Mosque of Sultan Selim

homage to the Hagia Sophia

Illuminated Tugra of Sultan Suleiman

Turkey, Islamic, a piece of calligraphy

lluminated Tugra of Sultan Suleiman

was used to authenticate things; was essentially the Sultan's signature

Iran, Islamic; very vivid ceramic tile work, naturalistic plant shapes with text

Great Mosque of Isfahan

silk textile; Islamic

the Shroud of St. Josse

repurposed military banner that was gifted to a church; used to shroud the bones of St. Josse

the Shroud of St. Josse