korean functions

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악[악] \ 앜[악] \ 앆[악]

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batchim, compound sentences, how to build Korean words unit 1 - 6

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1
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악[악] \ 앜[악] \ 앆[악]

same pronunciation [g/k]

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2
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눈 [눈] \ 친구 [친구]

same pronunciation [n]

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3
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말[말] \ 서울[서울]

same pronunciation [l]

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4
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압[압] \ 앞[압]

same pronunciation [b/p]

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5
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ᄃ,ᄐ,ᄉ,ᄊ,ᄌ,ᄎ,ᄒ

all are same pronounciation [d/t] when batchim

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6
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When a syllable ends in a consonant and is followed by the ZERO consonant “o”, the final consonant’s sound value is shifted to the next syllable

눈을 = [누늘], 사람이 = [사라미], 꽃이 = [꼬치]

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If the batchim ‘ᄒ’ is followed by ‘ᄀ, ᄃ, ᄌ’ consonants in the next syllable, the sound of ‘ᄒ’ affects the consonant sounds of ‘ᄀ, ᄃ, ᄌ’, resulting in ‘ᄏ, ᄐ, ᄎ.’

노랗고 = [노라코], 좋다 = [조타], 닿지 = [다치]

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예요 / 이에요 are
informal speech endings

저는 사라예요.

or


저는 케빈이에요.

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예요

for words that don’t end in batchim

example: 저는 사라예요.

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이에요

for words that DO end in batchim

example: 저는 케빈이에요.

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_______어

turns it into a language when adding a country

example: 한국어

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영어

for english speakers

goes for australian, united kingdom, america, canada

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멕시코 becomes

스페인어(Spanish)

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브라질

포르투갈어(Portuguese)

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_____씨

formal ending to add to someones name

however do not use for people that are older or of higher status than you

and only use it after the full name or first name only never the last name

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은/는

are particles attached to the noun that

is the topic of the sentence.

-dependent on batchim-

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name with batchim

example: 기욤은 요리사예요

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term without batchim

example: 다쿠야는 회사원이에요

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1)안녕하세요?

2)저는 (your name)예요./이에요.

3)저는 (country name) 사람이에요.

4)저는 (UTSA student or other occupation)예요 /이에요.

introduction of yourself

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1)이쪽은 (A’s name)예요./이에요.

2)_____은/는 (country name) 사람이에요.

3) ______은/는 (UTSA student or other occupation)예요 /이에요

introduction of another person

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Noun이/가 아니에요

is not, are not, am not nouns

dependent on batchim

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저는 마리아 아니에요

no batchim uses

translation: no, i am not maria

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저는 스티븐 아니에요

with batchim uses

translation: no, i am not steven

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이거, 그거, 저거

are used to refer things

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이거

If the object is close to the speaker.

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그거

If the object is close to the listener but

far from the speaker

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저거

If the object is far from both the

speaker and the listener.

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그거는 뭐예요?

what is (that)?

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저거는 뭐예요?

what is that?

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(noun)는 볼펜이에요.

this is a pen

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is used to indicate that a person or

thing is owned by or belongs to the

preceding noun

example: 케빈의 노트북 (kevin’s laptop)

이거는 케빈의 노트북이에요.

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ownership

example: 네, 공책이에요

or

아니요, 제 공책이 아니에요.

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이거는 볼펜

이 볼펜은

can now be said this way

before: this thing is a pen

after: this pen is

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스티븐: 이 가방은 사라의 가방이에요?

사라: 네, 제 가방이에요.

사라: 아니요, 제 가방이 아니에요

flows the sentence structure better

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이/가 있어요

means the subject of the sentence has a noun

  • based on pbatchim

example: 지우개가 있어요

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이/가 없어요

means the subject of the sentence doesn’t have a noun

  • based on batchim

example: 지우개가 없어요

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으세요 and 세요

is used in a non-formal situation when politely

asking or commanding someone to do something

  • based on batchim

  • example: 주다 → 주세요 (no batchim)

  • example: 앉다 → 앉으세요 (with batchim)

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주세요 (please give ____).

주다 but drop the 다

주+ 세요

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가세요 (Please go.)

가 + 세요

drop the 다

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쓰세요 (Please write___.)

쓰 + 세요

drop the 다

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앉으세요 (Please sit down.)

앉 + 으세요

drop the 다

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읽으세요 (Please read ___.)

읽+ 으세요

drop the 다

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To go

To come

To see

To write

To give

To wait

To rest

To read

To sit

가세요

오세요

보세요

쓰세요

주세요

기다리세요

쉬세요

읽으세요

앉으세요

very important to memorize

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주세요

Is used to request some one to give an item.

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커피 주세요

when ordering food/drinks the amount you want goes last

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A: 뭐 드릴까요?

B: 비빔밥 두 그릇 주세요.

A: What can I get for you?

B: Give us two bowls of bibimbap please.

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개 / 병 / 잔 / 그릇

Noun 개 / 병 / 잔 / 그릇 is used to count the

number of objects.

example: 비빔밥 두 그릇 주세요.

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bottles

example: 콜라 여섯 병 주세요

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cups or glasses

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그릇

food bowls

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general counting

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마리

animals

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분/명

counting people

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하나 → 한 개 / 병 / 잔 / 그릇

둘 → 두 개 / 병 / 잔 / 그릇

셋 → 세 개 / 병 / 잔 / 그릇

넷 → 네 개 / 병 / 잔 / 그릇

for different counting units 1 - 4, you cut the word in half

there is no change for 5-10

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serves as an “and” when ordering food or adding two or more nouns

example: 햄버거 한 개하고 콜라 한 잔 주세요

Noun하고

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casual sentence ending, which

is used in conjunction with the verb to ask and

answer questions about current actions in an

informal context. It can also be used when

talking about the near future.

Verbs ending in 아요/어요

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가다: + 아요 = 가요

만나다 : + 아요 = 만나요

오다: + 아요 = 와요

보다: + 아요 = 봐요

verb ending w/ ‘ᅡ’ or ‘ᅩ’ → 아요

  • drop the 다

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공부하다 → 공부해요

숙제하다 →제해요

운동하다 →운동해요

좋아하다 →좋아해요

verb ending w/ 하다 → 해요

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먹다: + 어요→먹어요

읽다 : + 어요→읽어요

쉬다: + 어요→쉬어요

in all other cases → 어요

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  1. 배우다 → 배우 + 어요 (우+어 → 워)

  2. 마시다 → 마시 + 어요 (ᅵ+ᅥ →ᅧ)

  3. 가르치다 → 가르치 +어요 (ᅵ+ᅥ → ᅧ)

  1. 배워요

  2. 마셔요

  3. 가르쳐요

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을/를

is attached to a noun and indicates

that the noun is the object of the verb.

example: 지우는 사탕을 먹어요

  • dependent on presence of batchim

    • with batchim - 을

    • no batchim - 를

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에서

is used in conjunction with a noun to

indicate where action takes place

example:

어디에서 공부해요?

도서관에서 공부해요

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에서 examples

집에 가요

집에서 운동해요

or

쉬어요.

공부해요.

밥을 먹어요

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