AP Science Test Genetics

Genes controlling a trait

The Alleles for the trait are different (Bb)

The Alleles for the trait are the same (bb)

The Genetic makeup of an organism

Physical traits of an organism

Diagram used to predict the Genotype of an organism

A chart showing the ancestors of a specific organism

The process of choosing organisms with the most desirable traits for mating

The mating of closely related individuals to obtain desirable characteristics, decreases the variation in the population, which can be good or bad

New mates are introduced outside the immediate gene pool

A sudden change in structure or the amount of genetic material

A group of organisms that have exactly the same genes. The cloning of plants is easier that animals or humans due to the simplicity of the genetic makeup.

The joining of D.N.A. from 2 different species.

The branch of biology that study the way that hereditary information is passed on from parents to offspring

A unit of hereditary material found in chromosomes

Ribonucleic Acid, Helps build D.N.A.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

1. 5 Sugar Deoxyribose

2. Phosphate Group

3. 4 types on nitrogen bases

Adenine

Guanine

Adenine & Guanine

Cytosine

Thymine

Cytosine & Thymine

Identical cell division, constantly happening in our body

Start/stop

Centrioles begin to move to opposite poles, spindle fiber replaces nucleus, Chromatin match up to become chromasones

The nucleus is gone, chromosomes meet in the middle and double.

Chromosomes are pulled back to opposite poles, 2 cells begin to form

Chromosomes revert to chromatin, Nucleus reforms, 2 identical daughter cells replace the old cell

Thymine

Guanine

The strands are dioxi syra and phosphate. The genetic code is attached to the dioxi syra. The 2 strands are held together by weak hydrogen bonds. 3 pieces of D.N.A. make a nucleotide.

Bonds are weak so the strands of D.N.A. can open and close repeatedly

The ability of an organism to grow lost body parts.

The ability to grow from a bulb producing an identical offspring

an enlarged part of an underground stem. The eyes are tiny eyes for growth

Any part of a plant, stem, leaf or root used to produce a new individual

A stem is bent over into the soil and roots will develop

A stem or bud is removed from one plant and attached to a new plant

Factors causing mutation

Change in part of a chromosome, usually takes place during mitosis

The transfer of the part of one chromosome to another (EX: ABCDEFG/XYZ)

A piece of a chromosome that is inverted (EX:ABCEDFG)

A piece of a chromosome is added causing repeating in the pattern (EX:ABCABCDEFG)

A piece of a chromosome breaks off (EX:ABC_FG)