Chapter 5 shaping a new nation!!!

Shays's rebellion showed the weakness of the Confederation government and prompted calls for strengthening the federal government to quell upcoming disturbances from many including George Washington

A law that established a plan for surveying the land.

A law that established a procedure for the admission of new states to the union.

An alliance permitting states or nations to act together on matters of mutual concern.

-Land Ordinance of 1785 -Northwest of Ordinance of 1787

-Leader of Virginia who called a meeting of state delegates to discuss issues of interstate trade, along with Alexander Hamilton. -He kept a record of the debates that took place at the convention

-Political leader from Connecticut -Introduced the Great Compromise -Helped draft the Declaration of independence

Three Fifths state's slaves to be counted as Population

Political system of government in which power is divided between national and state governments.

Makes laws

Carries out laws

Interprets Laws

Prevents one branch from having too much power

Group of electors chosen by the states and cast ballots for the candidates.

Official approval. Required the agreement of at least 9 states

Supporters of the Constitution's balance of power between the states and the national government.

People who were against the Constitution's balance of power (hated having a strong central government)

A series of 85 essays defending the Constitution, appeared in New York newspapers between 1787 and 1788

A formal summary of citizen's rights and freedoms. -The 10 amendments

27

Government directly by the people

Believed it put too much power in the hands of uneducated masses, therefore favored a Republic

New Jersey, neglected to specify gender

-Representation by population or by state? -Supreme power: Can it be divided? -Western Lands: Who gets them?

1, regardless of population

Power to: -declare war -make peace -sign treaties

all states turned over their land west of the Appalachian Mountains to the United States

1781

Delegates from all the states except Rhode Island gathered at the Philadelphia State House

Powers granted to the national government by the Constitution

powers kept by the state

say no, turn down

-Slaves -Native Americans -Women

James Madison

James madison

Maryland

-lacked unity -needed 13 states -wasn't fair for the big states

Slavery

State representatives decide to create a new government rather than fix Articles

Plan presented at the constitutional convention that favored large states because representation was based on population.

Plan presented at the constitutional convention that favored small states because state representation was equal.

Offered a two-house Congress to satisfy both small and big states

Constitution is the supreme law of the land

Powers held jointly by the national and state governments.

Part of the constitution that says Congress has implied powers

Powers not specifically mentioned in the Constitution

Charges against a president approved by a majority of the House of Representatives

Delegate For: Constitution convention Contributions: He was the first president War general He was able to forge an army and won the war

Delegate For: Virginia Contributions:

Leader for the patriots in virginia Drafted the constitution fairfax county in the house of burgess

Delegate For: New jersey Contributions:

Collaborated with the supreme court Part of the council of safety Part of the senate

Delegate For: Philadelphia Contributions: Drafted declaration of independence Created the join or die inventor

Delegate For: Constitutional convention Contributions: Helped the great britain in the yorktown battle Wrote an essay for the federalists

1st Amendment: Four freedoms Speech Freedom of the Press Freedom of Religion Freedom of assembly Right to Petition

2nd Amendment: Right to bear arms

3rd Amendment: No quartering of soldiers

4th Amendment: Protection from search & seizure

5th Amendment: Right to a criminal case

6th Amendment: Right to a fair trial

7th Amendment: Rights in civil case

8th Amendment: Bails, fines and punishment

9th Amendment: Rights to retained by the people

10th Amendment: Powers retained by the states and the people

The legislative branch is called congress and is made up of two house parts House of representatives Senate

States with the largest populations have the most representatives in the house House members must be at least 25 years old or older to serve House members are elected to a two year term There are 435 members in the house of representatives

States with the largest populations have the most representatives in the house There are two senators for each states which means of course there are 100 senators Senators must be at least 30 years old Senators are elected to a six year term

The executive branch is headed by the president The president is the commander in chief of the armed forces (Cannot declare war)

The President is elected to a four year term The president can only serve two terms The president must be a citizen by birth The president must be at least 35 years old

The Judicial Branch of the federal government is headed by the supreme court Supreme Court justices are nominated by the president and approved by the senate There are 9 supreme court justices who are appointed for life Judicial review

• Congress has control

• Protect natural rights

• Congress has right to regulate trade between states

• 2/3 both houses of congress plus 3/4 of state legislatures

• Could not have the power to tax

• No executive branch

• Could not make states follow the articles

There were three basic stages for becoming a state:

1. Congress would appoint a territorial governor and judges.

2. When a territory had 5,000 voting residents, the settlers could write a temporary constitution and elect their own government.

3. When the total population of a territory reached 60,000