IB Music HL: Classical Era Vocab

multi-movement cycle

overture

symphony

theme / variations

divertimento

serenade

Pretty much anything that ends on a VI or vi

Phrase ends on anything other than tonic or dominant

Pop music pop chord progression

• I IV VI V

Sub-dominant to tonic

• I-IV

Has to end on a four

“A-men” cadence

• Often found in hymns

Should feel unfinished, feel like a question

• Weak cadence and calls for more

• Usually a half way point in a song

Start from any chord then end on a V chord

• Can be an inversion

Only an occurrence in the West

Any phrase ending on a dominant (V, V7, vii)

AKA IAC

Second strongest cadence

Still V to I

Not in root position

The highest-sounding pitch will not be the tonic

• Can still be the same G and C hordes but the C is not the highest-sounding pitch

AKA: PAC

Root position V (five) (or seven) chord to root position I (one) chord

• EX: In the key of C this would go from a G chord to a C chord

The highest voice has to be tonic

• Has to be the name of the key we’re in

• EX: In the key of C, the C has to be the highest-sounding pitch

Cannot be an inversion

The strongest cadence because it is tonic and in root

Clear end of a musical phrase

How we get back home

Sense of a musical phrase feeling complete

1750-1825

music is for an audience

composers are writing big and full compositions with full ensembles, orchestras, and accompaniment

music is still written for big events

songs are written for requiem (death)

new instrumentation EX:

• bassoon

• bass clarinet

incorporating order and structure to keep listeners brains engaged

Beethoven

Mozart

Schubert

an opera on a lighthearted theme

typically in French

with spoken dialogue

usually classical or mythological themes

a comic opera especially one with characters drawn from everyday life

usually in Italian

a theatrical entertainment popular in early 18th-century England

taking the form of a satirical play interspersed with traditional or operatic songs

the beginning of the development is announced by a horn call

theme 1

based on the famous four-note motive in C minor

a theme or musical idea from one movement returns in another one

humorous trio in C major

short-short-short-long

vocal soloists and chorus join the orchestra

a quick paced dance

a variant of the minuet

an instrumental work for one or two instruments

consisting of three or four contrasting movements

based on the recurring theme of sonata-allegro form and the double exposition

refers to a solo group and orchestra or a solo instrument and orchestra

a virtuosic solo passage in the manner of an improvisation that comes toward the end of a movement

emphasized by the fast-slow-fast pattern

translates to from the beginning

a type of A-B-A form

consisting of a minuet, trio, and then minuet

an extension of the closing idea

leads to the final cadence in the home key

the beginning of the third section

restatement

characterized by conflict and action

transitional passage leading to a second theme in a contrasting key

opening section of sonata form

moves to another key

a form which establishes a tonic key

modulates to another key

returns to the original key

small ensemble music

2-10 players

the main theme that repeats

a lively movement

lighthearted feel

classical Ideals were strong and were combined with philosophical and intellectual movement

varying a theme’s melodic outline, rhythm, or harmony

the smallest melodic or rhythmic unit

music with no text or story to hold it in place

the music is the story