Studied by 18 peopleClass, functional group
Alkane, Alkyl
Class, functional group
Alkene, Alkenyl
Class, functional group
Alkyne, Alkynyl
Reaction
Combustion
Reaction, reagents
Free radical substitution, UV light
Reaction
Hydrogenation
Reaction
Halogenation
Reaction
Hydrogen Halide
Markovnikovs’s rule
The H will bond to the carbon with the greater amount of bonded hydrogens
Reaction
Hydration
Reaction
Polymerization
Reaction
Electrophillic addition
Class,functional group
Alcohol, hydroxyl
Formation of an alcohol, reagents and conditions
H2O(g) and concentrated H2SO4 + Heat
Class, functional group
Aldehyde, Carbonyl
Class, functional group
Ketone, Carbonyl
Class, functional group
Carboxylic acid, Carboxyl
Class, functional group
Ether, Ether
Class, functional group
Ester, Ester
Formation of Esters reaction
Esterization (Condensation)
Products of Esterization
Ester and H2O
Reactants of Esterization
Alcohol + Carboxylic Acid
Reagents/reactants to make an Aldehyde
Primary Alcohol, Acidified/H+ Cr2O72-, Heat/distillation
Reagents to make Carboxylic acid from an Aldehyde + color in product
H+/Cr2O72- + Reflux, Green
Products/color of tertiary alcohol + H+/Cr2O72- and reflux
NO REACTION, Orange
Notation for this Alkene
Cis-
Notation for this Alkene
Trans-
Notation for this alkene
E-
Notation for this Alkene
Z-
Homolytic fission:
Each species takes the same amount of electrons from a bond
Products of a combustion on an Alkane with very limited oxygen
C (s) and H2O
Saturated =
no double bonds
Un saturated =
Double bonds
Products of a combustion on an Alkane with limited Oxygen
CO and H2O
3 steps in a free radical substitution
Initiation, Propagation, Termination
When does electrophillic addition occur
an alkane reacts with a diatomic halogen molecule or a hydrogen halide molecule
Alkane suffix
-ane
Alkene suffix
-ene
Alkyne suffix
-yne
Alcohol suffix
-ol
Aldehyde suffix
-al
Ketone suffix
-one
Carboxylix acid suffix
-oic acid
Reducing reaction
removal of a carbonyl to return to an alcohol by using a reducing agent and heat
Reducing agents used for a reducing rxn
NaBH4, (doesn’t work on carboxylic acid), LiAlH4
Ether naming (R-O-R’)
___oxy___
Ester naming
R’ ___anoate
Miscible definiton
Soluble liquids
Immiscible definition
Not soluble
Conditions to form a Ketone, Color of the product
H+/Cr2O72- + Reflux, Green
Conditions to form a carboxylic acid from a primary Alcohol
MnO4- + H+/Cr2O72- and reflux
Conditions of polymerization
Pressure and heat
Conditions/reagents of Hydrogenation
Ni catalyst and heat
Conditions of Halogenation
Spontaneously at room temperature
Conditions of Hydrogen Halides
Happens spontaneously
Reagents of esterization
Heat + concentrated H2SO4
Why are Alkenes more reactive than Alkanes
The pi bond is relatively weaker, therefore easier to break
Class
Nitrile
Class
Amide
Class
Amine
Nitrile suffix
-nitrile
Amine suffix
-amine
Amide suffix
-amide
Nucleophile definition
Electron donor
Sn1
Substitution nucleophilic unimolecular
Sn2
Substitution nucleophilic bimolecular
Step 2 of an Sn1
Carbocation intermediate
Class, functional group
Benzene, arene
Reagent for Sn1 mechanism
Polar protic solvent
Reagent for Sn2 mechanism
Polar aprotic solvent
Note
Flashcard