Module 70, 72, 73 AP Psychology

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology

an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences and the therapist's interpretations of them released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent).

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight

a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.

behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

behavioral techniques, such as systemic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias

an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

a Confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, That vigorously challenges people's illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavioral therapy (changing behavior)

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction

therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client's problem

The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. (Several widely used antidepressant drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors-SSRIs)

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling center of the inner brain

the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma

positive psychological changers as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises