APHUG Unit 6

relatively large, densely populated settlement w/ much larger population than rural towns & villages

movement of people from rural areas to cities, major trend

“relating to city”

tending of fields/harvesting & prepping crops

farmers able to produce ore food than needed for themselves. creation of cities

structuring of society into distinct socioeconomic classes; control over good and people

agricultural & socioeconomic innovations that led to the rise of cities

regions in which world’s first cities evolved (Mesopotamia, etc)

absolute location of place on earth, includes all physical features of location (terrain, harbors, rivers)

relative location of place in reference to its surrounding features, places of human activities or its regional position w/ reference to other places

(1) evolved spontaneously in different places (2) diffused ideas through trade, ocean voyages, conquest

eater transported into cities from remote regions using stone structures (Roman Empire)

(1) migration of ppl from rural cities (2) natural population increase

all property is publicly owned & managed, cities poster class privilege (china)

economic & political system in which country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit rather than owned by state

shaped and reshaped layout and size and their surroundings over time

settlements outside of cities that had streetcar lines, fixed rail systems, allows workers to commute in and out of city

norm among middle classes, increased personal mobility

faster delivery of info, revolutionized long-distance communication

diffusion wider and easier (no limits)

industrial innovations in mining and manufacturing that led to increased urban growth, new kinds of industry, reshaped cities spatially and socially

emerged by economic activity, expanded and evolved into commerce and industry

consensus or forced, responsible for organization of surplus, storage, and distribution, city’s infrastructure, water resources, garbage, sewage

set of activities and government policies intended to revitalize area that had fallen on hard times

very large & densely populated city, particularly capital or major city of region (NYC)

bigger than city, includes one or several urban areas with accompanying suburbs & rural areas economically and culturally connected with city (New York-New Jersey)

cities with more than 1 million inhabitants

self-governing place that contains at least 2500 ppl

more than 50,000 inhabitants

fewer than 50,000 inhabitants

at least one urbanized area with at least 50,000 ppl at its core; central county + adjacent outlying counties that are socially and economically intergraded with central county measured by commuting volumes

one or more urban clusters of 10,000-50,000 people at its core

settlements smaller & less complex than cities, self-sufficient, have CBDs, residential and nonresidential land use

CBD has nothing more than grocery store, post office, and gas station

populated areas on outskirts of city, residential communities w/ own government, intentionally developed residential communities on periphery of city; most residents commute to job

percentage of each nation’s population that lived in towns & cities

extraordinary large settlements w/ regional population over 20 million (Tokyo)

regional population over 10 million (Beijing)

includes city & surrounding metropolitan area

movement of people from urban core areas to surrounding outskirts of city

tendency of cities to grow outward in unchecked manner

size & shape dictated by car ownership (Las Vegas)

shift some departments/operations to “branch offices” in suburban areas, closer to workforce

concentration of business, shopping, entertainment developed in suburbs, outside city’s traditional downtown

(1) over 5 million sqft of office space (2) over 600,000 sqft of retail space (3) population increases every morning & decreases every afternoon (More jobs than homes) (4) states as end destination (5) history of not resembling city 3 yr prior

moving homes into suburbs away from work places

moving retail to where we lived “malling of America”

jobs to wear population lived, creating edge city

places with no more than 100,000 residents, large suburbs with own gov, loosely connected groups of large subdivisions, office parks, retail centers built around multiple highway intersections

(1) large incorporated tract of land (2) fast, sustained development

building of new retail, business, or residential spaces on vacant, underused parcels in developed areas

suburbs often inhabited by well do families, near farmland, beaches, mountains; semirural districts located beyond

cities that become command & control centers of global economy, sites of major decisions abt world’s commercial networks & financial markets

places connected to other cities where international action & interaction occur (internationally & domestically)

population moves with ease from place to place, wealth, world cities are home (highest concentration in London)

highly second residential enclaves, located within the bounds of cities, privately governed

world cities hub of services, built on major waterways, major international airports, railroad & highway networks, high-speed rail system

located in world cities (World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Educational, Scientific, Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

a set of interdependent cities or urban places connected by networks; territories within nation, state, or province

ranking of cities, largest & powerful at top of hierarchy

states population of a settlement is inversely proportional to its rank in urban hierarchy (1/2 to 1/3 to 1/4 etc.)

largest city more than twice as many people in second-largest, largest than any other city, dominates economic, political culture life

model attempt to understand why cities are located where they are, based on five assumptions (Walter Christaller)

settlements that make certain types of products & services available to customers

number of people required to support a business

distance people will travel to acquire a good or service

large regional cities

Regular cities

towns

hamlets and villages

mathematical model that attempts to predict how places will interact; the closer 2 places are, the more they influence each other (distance increases, interaction decreases) P1+P2/D^2

generalizations that help us organize information & identify the patterns of observed arrangements

model of city’s internal organization that shows rings of factory production & different residential zones radiating outward from CBD (zones: CBD, zone of transportation, zone of independent worker’s homes, middle-class residents, commuter’s zone)

focuses on transportation & communications as drivers of city layout; people will live in different sectors based on income levels

does not have one central area, but instead has several nodes that act as regional centers for economic or residential activity within one larger city

a city with growth independent of the CBD that is traditionally connected to the central city by means of an arterial highway or interstate.

land/real estate/rental costs are higher in and around a city's central business district due to demand

griffin-ford model, cities have a central business district, one dominant elite residential sector, and a commercial spine

sells everyday goods (1/2 of Latin American City Model CBD)

primary businesses, entertainment venues, employment (1/2 of Latin American City Model CBD)

extension of the CBD & flanked by elite residential sector, ends at mall, opposite end of market, spine-like sector for industry, ends in industrial park

rings CBD/market center, occupied by mid-class & contains best housing

transitional area between poorest parts & zone of maturity, modest housing for those in lower middle class

the zone that offers few services & home to very poor; barrios/favelas, little to no law enforcement, lack of amenities (water, electricity, fresh food)

models for other emerging market economies, medium-sized port cities in SA, focal point: old colonial port zone w/ surrounding commercial districts

populated primarily by Chinese merchants, residences attached to business

surrounds commercial zones, various economic activities & some housing

light agriculture takes place & small industrial park accommodates growing economic sector

imprint of European colonial powers, 3 CBDs with distinct functions & building styles

place for informal markets & transitional business center, commerce conducted curbside nonpermanent stalls or permanent storefronts

zone of traditional one story buildings

open-air, informal, essential to city’s residents

outer ring, grows rapidly due to unchecked in-migration from rural areas

help understand city structure, land-use patterns, and population density (although no model fits perfectly)

utility (usefulness), accessibility (transportation, technologies), transportation (automobile)

total population divided by total land area

general impression of estimated number of people present in given area, qualitative data (what ppl see/think)

ex. high rise apartment building

single fam homes on large land

distance from CBD increases, population density continuously decreases