Final F&T Richins

wanted to worship in independent congregations; did not want to purify Anglican church, but separate from it; wanted to reform clergy

1494; divided the world into Spanish and Portuguese hemispheres

reached America in 1607; chose Jamestown, a poor spot; company went bankrupt; obtained a new charter and renamed to Virginia Company

used by several colonizing companies to attract settlers to colonies by offering land to everyone; ex. 50 acres per man

sect within Anglican Church that wanted to purify it; many chose to settle in America for religious freedom

Bacon led people to attack the natives and was labeled a rebel; led army against Governor Berkley in Jamestown, won a pardon which was taken away; burned down Jamestown

Society of Friends; originated mid 17th century England; rejected predestination and original sin; everyone had divinity within; women were equal to men

Maryland was created as a peaceful haven for Catholics; Protestants still had to be invited, though, and they soon outnumbered Catholics; Calvert appointed Protestant governor and religious toleration

3 navigation acts were adopted by Charles II to regulate colonial commerce

1697; Charles II attempted to increase control of MA by stripping its control of NH; James II merged all colonies into Dominion

Jamestown church, delegates from various communities would meet as the House; first sign of democracy in the colonies

1608, Puritans left England for Holland to worship freely; obtained permission from VA company to settle in VA; Left Plymouth Port in 1620 aboard the Mayflower

founded by the London Company in 1607; only 104 of 144 survived initial journey from England; 38 survived first winter; John Smith became council president

John Winthrop was the first governor of the MA Bay Colony; coined the phrase as an example for the rest of the world

white servants brought from England to help cultivate the land; some were granted land after serving for a number of years

constitution signed before the Mayflower landed because they landed outside of VA territory; pledged allegiance to the king and established civil government

Williams was banished from MA Bay after demanding religious change, then founded RI; Hutchinson was banished because she said that only the elect were entitled to public authority

limited rights of blacks and ensured absolute authority to white masters

turning point in the slave trade occurred in 1690s when RAC monopoly was broken; prices fell and number of slaves increased

100 slaves in 1793 killed their masters, gathered arms, and headed to Florida; crushed by white army

main church in England, legal religion in VA, NY, Carolinas, GA, and MD

passed by Catholic settlers in MD to ensure freedom of worship in lieu of increasing number of Protestants

religious piety was in decline by the early 18th century; began in 1730s and peaked in 1740s

trial of Zenger was defended by Andrew Hamilton in 1734; courts ruled that criticisms of government were not libel if actually true

the dreaded passage from Africa to the West Indies

Scottish Presbyterians who settled in Northern Ireland; New English laws banned trade of wool and did not allow Catholicism; rents were also raised, so many migrated to America in 1710

biggest spread of witchcraft persecution in America; Salem, MA; 19 were put to death; accusers were jealous of the richer more profitable people of the east side of the city

emerged as a denomination of Puritanism; each congregation was autonomous

children who were born into the church but whose parents were not full members of the church were allowed to go to church, but not partake in communion or vote in church affairs

most outstanding preacher of the Great Awakening; New England Congregationalist; one of the first presidents of Princeton

British allowed the colonies to govern themselves; for example, Robert Walpole defied the Navigation Acts; colonists taxed themselves and made their own laws

confederation of 6 tribes who had joined together to fight the Heron tribes, which were defeated; strong military force in the Ohio Valley and NE America

prevented an escalation of fighting against the natives that might threaten British trade; forbade settlers to advance beyond line drawn in the Appalachian Mountains

new taxes on various goods imported to the colonies from England; second of two measures steered by Townsend through Parliament in 1767; no more acceptable to colonists than the stamp act was

began by Samuel Adams in MA, 1772; made possible continuous cooperation among cities of MA; VA later established the Intercolonial Committee of Correspondence

punished those in Boston for the Tea Party; Parliament passed the Coercive Acts which closed the port of Boston; drastically reduced the power of self government; royal officers could be tried in other colonies or in England; troops could be quartered in colonists houses

virtual: colonies cannot vote for representatives to Parliament but were still represented; actual: if colonists actually got to vote for representatives to look after their needs

plan proposed by Ben Franklin in 1754; formed general government that would deal with all relations concerning Indians; all colonies rejected the proposal, but it was the first step towards union

detrimental to the Iroquois because British were angry at their pacifism; caused British to abandon their policy of salutary neglect on colonists; wanted to tax colonists for the war, but they resisted

Stamp Act of 1765 imposed tax on most printed documents in the colonies; designed solely to raise revenue in the colonies without colonists permission; Stamp Act Congress met in 1765, NY; riots began as Sons of Liberty terrorized Stamp agents; England backed down due to boycott of goods

Tea Act was passed in 1773 to prevent East India Company from going bankrupt by making them tax exempt; company could therefore undersell American merchants; in 1773, Bostonians raided ships and threw tea overboard

delegates from all colonies except GA were present, convened in Philadelphia; 5 major decisions: 1) rejected plan for union under British authority 2)endorsed a statement of grievances 3) began making military preparations 4) agreed on stopping all trade with Britain 5) agreed to meet again

passed by the 2nd Continental Congress; conciliatory appeal to the British; rejected by the English

pamphlet written by Thomas Paine; America should break away from an empire that could produce such an evil monarch as George III;

not in favor of the American Revolution; losers in the American Revolution; ostracized from society

major battle, American victory; increased French sentiment to recognize America as a sovereign nation

John Adam's wife; told her husband to "remember the ladies"; did not want so much power vested to husbands

system of power where all power came from people, not from supreme authority; republic would survive if the population consisted of independent property owners

1777; not effective because they did not have enough power to control any central government; other nations did not respect it

1784: proposal by Jefferson that divided the western territory into 10 self-governing districts; 1785: system for surveying and selling land; 1787: abandoned the 10 districts and created a single NW territory

abandoned the 10 districts and created a single NW territory; specified minimum population of 60,000 for state admission

proposed in the Ordinance of 1784; land would be neatly divided into rectangular townships

large group of dissenting farmers allied themselves with Daniel Shays; farmers had difficulty paying debts and taxes; formed a militia and was crushed in 1787; sentenced to death at first, but instead pardoned

most resourceful reformer who called for the creation of the Constitution; first to call a national convention to overhaul the Articles; sec of treasury under Washington; introduced ideas of national bank, central government to assume public debt, have government pay off bonds at full price

Hamilton's most important ally in creating Constitutional Assembly; introduced the VA plan, which the constitution is based

made by the Constitutional Convention; solved the issue of representation in the colonies; Lower House based on population, upper house containing 2 reps from each state

Federalists: pro British, wealthy class, more government jobs, pro-Constitution; Anti-Feds: pro French, poor, low class, hated Constitution; combined by Jefferson

Hamilton believed that stable government needed an enlightened ruling class; government should assume public debt; wanted a National Bank that would keep bond prices high; Whisky Tax and tariff on imports added

1794; resulted from farmers who had to pay taxes on whiskey as result of Bank Bill; farmers in PA refused to pay tax and terrorized tax collectors; Washington led army of 15,000 into PA

12 amendments in 1789; 10 were ratified by states in 1791 and called Bill of Rights; 9 of those limited Congress; 10th gave states all power not stated in the constitution

John Jay was told to go to England to stop British ships from taking American ships in French waters; told to get compensation for British assaults, secure withdrawal of British from NW, make new trading agreement; treaty did not do that, but it prevented war

Hamilton sent 3 reps to France to negotiate French attacks on American ships; the French reps demanded loan for France and bribes before negotiations; for 2 years after the affair, US was in undeclared war with France

Alien: placed new obstacles in the way of foreigners and strengthened president's power in dealing with aliens; sedition: allowed government to prosecute those who spoke against the government

republican leaders wanted to remove sedition and alien acts from state legislatures; Jefferson wrote resolution that was adopted by KY; Madison's was adopted by VA; beginning of nullification

on John Adam's last night as president he made last minute federalist judge appointments; attempted to maintain Federalist control of judiciary

in the 18th century, women had little education and high illiteracy rate; new value on the contribution of the mother to the training of a new generation; mothers could not remain ignorant and raise enlightened children

Connecticut school master and lawyer who argued that American students should be educated as patriots; insisted on simplified spelling which was published in American Spelling Book

embraced the existence of God, but as a remote being; withdrawn from human involvement and sins

efforts of conservative theologians in the 1790s to fight religious rationalism; greatest surge in religious thought since the 1st great awakening; began with Presbyterians at colleges

British mechanic that moved to America and in 1791 invented the first American machine for spinning cotton. He is known as "the Father of the Factory System" and he started the idea of child labor in America's factories.

1793; invented the cotton gin, which separated seeds from cotton; also invented replaceable parts

victory over Adams in 1800; cut national debt in half; reduced army and navy; bought the LA territory; became more federalist in principle

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

judges that Adams named on his last day in office; to allow the federalists to maintain control of judicial branch

Napoleon offered Jefferson all of LA territory for 15 million dollars; Jefferson wasn't sure he could accept annexation of land as president at first, but later decided to purchase

Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase.

British navy was impressing american soldiers; in 1807, the american ship Chesapeake was stopped by british general; ship was attacked by british; did not renounce impressments even after apology

Jefferson prevented american ships from leaving to other nations in order to keep nation at peace; ended in 1808

the Prophet experienced a mystical awakening when recovering from alcoholism; brother, Tecumseh, believed that Indians must unite to fight americans

replaced the embargo act before Madison took office; reopened trade with all nations except Britain and France

replaced the non intercourse act; reopened trade with Britain and France but allowed the president to prohibit trade with either nation if one were to violate shipping rights

Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence

pride about one's nation; grew rapidly in the beginning of the 1820s

looking out for your own section of the nation; began to come fore with the MO crisis, but prevailed with the MO compromise

nation's most pressing need after war of 1812 was transportation; debate: should federal government finance roads and internal improvements?; federal government use of sales of Ohio Territory to finance National Road was proposed

Monroe went out of his way to include federalists, republicans, northerners, and southerners in his appointments; did a goodwill tour; party competition disappeared

Spain saw that america could easily take FL by force after Jackson's raids; Onis gave up FL in exchange for US abandoning claim on texas and pacific NW

after congress passed the removal act, which accumulated money to remove indians west of the MS river; 1835, US got treaty from some cherokee to take land; all cherokees were forced out to settle in oklahoma

followed a period of high demand for american farm goods; easy credit fueled land boom; bank loans could not be met, many state banks failed; 6 years of depression and price decreases followed

MO entered as a slave state and Maine as a free state; boundary was drawn along MO southern border, prohibiting slavery north of it

American jurist and politician who served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1801-1835) and helped establish the practice of judicial review.

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South

Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson.

Jackson delivered his inaugural speech in front of thousands who followed him back to the White House and trashed the place

member of great triumvirate; nation's greatest orator; began as a federalist but then became a whig

leader of political party who uses patronage to gain voters; usually intimidates voters; had the most power in municipal governments

helped to legitimize political parties; VP under Jackson, became president in 1837; helped establish independent treasury