Studied by 1 personmethods of drug administration
orally, inhalation, absorption through skin, suppositories, ear drops, injection, eye drops
bioavailability
the fraction of an administered drug that reaches its target in the body
intravenous
method of medication delivery with the highest bioavailability
polar functional groups
hydroxyl, carbonyl
nonpolar functional group
methyl
side effects
the unintentional physiological effects of drugs in the body
tolerance
repeated doses of a drug result in smaller physiological effects
addiction
the dependency to a drug leads to withdrawal symptoms if it is witheld
dosage
the amount of a drug taken over an interval of time
therapeutic window
the range of drug concentrations in the blood that provide the desired effect of a medication while minimizing toxicity.
therapeutic index
lethal dose (LD50)/toxic dose (TD50) divided by minimum effective dose (ED50)
stage 1 of drug development
involves testing new drugs on a small group of healthy volunteers to evaluate safety, dosage, and potential side effects.
stage 2 of drug development
involves preclinical research to test safety and efficacy in animals before moving to human clinical trials.
stage 3 of drug development
to evaluate the drug's effectiveness and safety in a larger population to determine its overall benefit-risk profile. (use of double-blind test trials to determine effectiveness against a placebo)
stage 4 of drug development
post-marketing surveillance to monitor the drug's safety and effectiveness in the general population after it has been approved.
Note
Flashcard