Oral comm finals

Definition and Types of Speech Acts

A philosopher of language and the developer of the Speech Act Theory

an utterance that serves a function in communication.

not into how knowledgeable you are in the language use but appropriateness in language use is even more important

might contain just one word, as in "Sorry!", to perform an apology, or several words or sentences.

what we say

intention

effect

occur when there is no direct connection betwee1n the form of the utterance and the intended meaning.

said by the right person under the right circumstances results in a change in the world.

A professor from the University of California, Berkeley, classified illocutionary acts into five distinct categories.

classified illocutionary acts into five distinct categories

truth of a proposition

perform an action

Futuristic

Express feelings

Brings change in external situation

The ability to use linguistic knowledge to effectively communicate with others is essential for a speaker to be able to use and understand speech acts.

states that strategies must be used to start and maintain a conversation.

You try to open a topic with the people your are talking to

These instructions confine you as a speaker and limit what you can say.

Give all communicators a chance to speak. Do not hog the conversation and talk incessantly without letting the other party air out their own ideas.

how procedural formality or informality affects the development of topic in conversations

Involves moving from one topic to another. It is where one part of a conversation ends and where another begins.

refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation

refers to the conversation participants' close-initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation

The process for writing is not chronological or linear; rather, it is recursive. That means you have the opportunity to repeat a writing procedure indefinitely, or produce multiple drafts first before you can settle on the right one.

entails looking into the profile of your target audience. This is done so you can tailor-fit your speech content and delivery to your audience.

(age range, male-female ratio, educational background and affiliations or degree program taken, nationality, economic status, academic or corporate designations)

(time, venue, occasion, and size)

(values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, cultural and racial ideologies, and needs)

provides the audience with a clear understanding of the concept or idea presented by the speaker.

provides the audience with amusement.

provides the audience with well-argued ideas that can influence their own beliefs and decisions.

means making your main idea more specific and focused. The strategies in selecting a topic can also be used when you narrow down a topic.

is the stage where you collect ideas, information, sources, and references relevant or related to your specific topic.

in general, are structures that will help you organize the ideas related to your topic.

a hierarchical list that shows the relationship of your ideas.

provides explanations, examples, or any details that can help you deliver your purpose and explain the main idea of your speech.

is the foundation of your speech. Here, your primary goal is to get the attention of your audience and present the subject or main idea of your speech

restates the main idea of your speech. Furthermore, it provides a summary, emphasizes the message, and calls for action.

your written speech involves correcting errors in mechanics, such as grammar, punctuation, capitalization, unity, coherence, and others.

an award- winning public speaker, lists six power principles for speech editing.

six power principles for speech editing.

gives you an opportunity to identify what works and what does not work for you and for your target audience.

1. Conducting an audience analysis

2. Determining the purpose of the speech

3. Selecting a topic

4. Data gathering

5. writing patterns

6. preparing an outlines

7. editing/ revising

8. Rehearsing

formal address or discourse delivered to an audience

• speaking with limited preparation

• guided by notes

• Delivered conversationally

• speaking without advanced preparation

• unrehearsed speech

• natural speaking

• speaking with advanced preparation

• planned and rehearsed

• speaking with advanced preparation

• planned and rehearsed

• Reciting