Chapter 17: Weather and Climate 

________ are tropical storms that cover vast areas and last for days.

________ use carbon dioxide and produce almost all the oxygen in the atmosphere.

________ and carbon dioxide are examples of greenhouse gases.

________ transfers thermal energy by movement of air from place to place.

________ clouds form at heights above 6, 000 m and are made of ice crystals.

The ________ is the solid Earth, including its soil, rocks, and mantle.

The ________ is also affected by Earths rotation.

________ can produce droplets of sulfuric acid in the stratosphere that reflect incoming solar radiation.

The ________ is frozen water in snow, ice, and glaciers.

________ decreases with height in the troposphere up to the tropopause.

The ozone layer shields Earth from ________ that can harm living organisms.

________: The emission of infrared waves by gases in Earths atmosphere.

________ are moist because they originate over the oceans.

________: all living organisms and the environments in which they live.

________ can result in a form of severe weather called downbursts.

The concentration of springtime ozone over ________ has decreased over the past several decades.

The ________ is liquid water in oceans, lakes, rivers, soil, and underground.

________ are intense, short- lived, localized storms in the mid- latitudes.

________ are smallest near the equator and become greater with increasing latitude.

________: the thermal energy released when water changes state from a gas to a liquid, or from a liquid to a solid.

A(n) ________ can form when moist air rises high in the atmosphere.

________ from the Sun evaporates water from Earths surface.

________: control many weather processes, such as storm development.

________: winds that blow from the west in middle latitudes.

________: associated with low pressure systems.

________: occurs when trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and equatorial oceanic surface temperatures are colder than normal.

A(n) ________ produces a thunderstorm.

________ can dramatically alter global weather patterns.

________ form when water vapor cools and condenses to form droplets of water.

________: An increase in the average global temperature.

________: blows from the water toward the land in the afternoon, when the land is warmer than the water.

a layer extending about 12 km, on average, above Earths surface; temperature normally decreases with height

When temperature increases with height

The emission of infrared waves by gases in Earths atmosphere

the thermal energy released when water changes state from a gas to a liquid, or from a liquid to a solid

winds that blow from the west in middle latitudes

control many weather processes, such as storm development

associated with low pressure systems

all living organisms and the environments in which they live

A climate that is strongly affected by an ocean

A climate that is not directly affected by an ocean

blows from the water toward the land in the afternoon, when the land is warmer than the water

An increase in the average global temperature

the warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of western South America that occurs every 3 to 10 years

occurs when trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and equatorial oceanic surface temperatures are colder than normal