Studied by 22 peoplemass number
protons and neutrons
atomic number
protons or electrons
an isotope has a different number of
neutrons
who discovered different energy levels
niels bohr
who discovered the nucleus
ernest rutherford
who discovered the plum pudding model
thompson
who discovered the periodic table
mendeleev
group 0 name
noble gases
group 0 properties
very unreactive
what happens to the boiling point going down group 0
increases
group 1 name
alkali metals
group 1 properties
react aggressively with water
what happens to reactivity going down group 1
increases
what happens to boiling point going down group 1
increases
group 7 name
halogens
properties of halogens
exist as pairs
what happens to reactivity going down group 7
decreases
what happens to boiling point going down group 7
increases
covalent bonding
between 2 non metals
electrons in covalent bonding are
shared
molecules are held together by
weak intermolecular forces
can graphite carry current
yes
structure of graphite
hexagonal rings
can graphene carry current
yes
what is graphene used in
electronics
buckminsterfullerene uses
delivering drugs
ionic bonding is between
a metal and a non metal
in ionic bonding the electrons are
transferred
ionic bonds have a
high melting point
do ionic bonds conduct electricity
no
when can ionic bonds conduct electricity
when dissolved in water
do giant ionic lattices conduct electricity
no
metallic bonding is between
2 metals
filtration uses
filter paper
crystallisation uses
evaporating substances
distillation uses
evaporating substances and condensing them
fractional distillation uses
different boiling points to separate liquids
transition metals properties
high melting point, strong and hard
units of measurement
nm, um, mm, m, km
nanoparticles are used for
suncream, drug delivery, nanowires
percentage yield =
actual yield / theoretical yield x 100
1dm cubed =
1000cm cubed
atom economy =
rfm of desired products / rfm of all reactants x 100
how to get from g/dm cubed to mol/dm cubed
divide by mr
mass =
formula mass x moles
concentration =
mol/vol
volume of gas =
mol x 24
reactivity series
potassium sodium calcium magnesium aluminium carbon zinc iron tin lead hydrogen copper silver gold platinum
oxidation is
loss of electrons
reduction is
gain of electrons
spectator ions are
unchanged in a reaction
diatomic elements
hydrogen nitrogen oxygen fluorine bromine iodine chlorine
acids form ___ when dissolved in water
H plus ions
alkalis form ___ when dissolved in water
OH minus ions
strong acids ___ in water
fully ionise
weak acids ___ in water
partially ionise
acid + alkali =
salt + water
acid + metal =
salt + hydrogen
acid + metal oxide =
salt + water
acid + metal carbonate =
salt + water + carbon dioxide
bases …
neutralise acids to form water in neutralisation reactions
anode is
positive
cathode is
negative
anions are
negative
cations are
positive
the electrolyte is
the substance conducting electricity
aqueous electrolysis at the anode
halogen forms if present, oxygen forms if not
aqueous electrolysis at the cathode
metal forms if less reactive than hydrogen
what is cryolite
lowers melting point
problem with graphite anodes
wear out quickly
breaking bonds
endothermic
making bonds
exothermic
what reaction happens in a chemical cell
metal displacement
formula for ammonium
NH4 +
formula for nitrate
NO3 -
formula for sulfate
SO4 2-
formula for carbonate
CO3 2-
phenolphthalein colour in acid
colourless
phenolphthalein colour in alkali
pink
methyl orange colour in acid
red
methyl orange colour in alkali
yellow
Note
Flashcard