8 Science Term 2

Photosynthesis

The process carried out by plants in order to produce food.

The chemical equation for photosynthesis.

Carbon Dioxide (6xCO2) + Water (6xH2O) → Glucose (C6H12O6) + Oxygen (6xO2)

The place where photosynthesis occurs

Photosynthesis occurs on the leaves of a plant

the two other things necessary for photosynthesis

Sunlight and Chlorophyll.

purpose of roots?

Roots anchor the plant and also help the plant to obtain water and minerals.

structure of the roots

A main root, lateral roots, root hairs

purpose of root hairs

to maximise surface area to collect more water and minerals.

structure of the stem

The conducting tissue

Conducting tissue

Xylem and Phloem.

Xylem

Transports water and minerals, only goes upwards

Phloem

The Phloem transports nutrients like Glucose (translocation) in any direction

Purpose of the stem

Hold up the plant and transport nutrients around the plant

purpose of leaves

Collecting water, producing food, transpiration

structure of leaves

Guard cells, stomata, an epidermis, a cuticle, conducting tissue, and the Mesopyll; including the spongy mesopyll and palacade mesophyll.

Stomata and guard cell

Openings at the bottom of the plant allow for the release of water and the exchange of gases.

Epidermis

Absorbs sunlight with chlorophyll

Mesophyll layer

The Palacade mesophyll and the spongy mesophyll. The Palacade Mesophyll is where photosynthesis occurs, while the Spongy Mesophyll has gaps to allow for the movement of gases around the leaf.

Cuticle

A waxy, thin layer at the top of the leaf that prevents foreign substances from entering the leaf.

Biotic factors

Things that are living or once living

Abiotic factors

Things that are non-living

Producers

Organisms that create food with photosynthesis.

Consumers

Organisms that rely on other organisms for its food.

Predators

An animal that hunts for its food.

Prey

An animal hunted by other animals for food.

Detritivores/Scavengers

Organisms that feed on dead material.

Decomposers

Organisms that break down organic material

Herbivores

Animals that only eat plants.

Carnivores

Animals that only eat meat (other animals)

Omnivores

Animals that eat both plants and animals

5 trophic levels.

Producers, Primary consumers, Secondary Consumers, Tertiary Consumers, Apex predators

Food Chains

Show the direction of energy flow in an ecosystem.

Food webs

Multiple food chains that represent an ecosystem

Biomass

Biomass is the dry mass of the organisms at a trophic level. More biomass is required at the bottom level to support the top level.

The ways the periodic table is seperated.

Groups, periods and families.

Order of the Periodic table

Increasing atomic number

An element from the periodic table has…

A name, a chemical symbol, an atomic number, and an atomic weight.

Elements

A sample of matter containing only one type of atom.

Metals

Elements that conduct heat and electricity. They are generally solid, Malleable, Shiny, and Ductile, and have a high melting point.

Non-Metals

Elements that don’t conduct heat or electricity. They can easily melt and can easily turn into liquids. They are brittle, often coloured, and look dull and glassy.

Metalloids

Share properties with both metals and non-metals.

Atoms

Made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons, Mostly space

Compounds

Compounds contain two or more types of atoms that are chemically bonded in a fixed ratio.

Molecules

Molecules contain two or more atoms that are chemically bonded in a fixed ratio.

The three types of particles in an atom

Protons, electrons, and neutrons.

Protons and Neutrons

They are the same size and are both found in the nucleus.

Electrons

2000 times smaller than protons and neutrons, spinning around in constantly changing paths called orbits

Name the electric charges of subatomic particles

Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have a neutral charge, and electrons have a negative charge.

The reason why the electron orbits the nucleus

They have an electrical attraction

Do neutral atoms have the same amount of protons and electrons

Yes, so there is no electrical charge