Studied by 7 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Zaitzev’s rule
an elimination reaction the major product is the more stable alkene with the more highly substituted double bond
Markovnikov’s rule
When HZ is added to unsymmetrical alkene, the hydrogen will add to the carbon with the most number of hydrogens
E1 mechanism
E2 mechanism
Evelyn effect
the product composition changes during the course of the reaction
Its hypothesized that the reason is because of the starting mixture of cis- and trans- isomers
What equipment is used in fractional distillation?
Vigreux column
SN1 reactions
-Unimolecular
-polar protic solvents
-carbocation
-tertiary and secondary halides
-AgNO3 in ethanol
SN2 reactions
-Bimolecular
- polar aprotic solvents
-primary and secondary halides
-NaI in acetone
why wont bromobenzene be reactive?
the molecule wants to keep its aromaticity
IR Single Bonds
appear below 1500 cm-1
IR Double bonds
appear between 1600-1850 cm-1
IR Triple Bonds
appear between 2100-2300 cm-1
X-H (O-H, N-H, C-H) bonds
appear between 2700-4000 cm-1
Carboxylic acid IR
Alkene
note the peaks between 1600-1850
to conform a C=C-H bond, there should be a small peak at 3100
Alkyne
note peaks around 2100-2300
C(triple)C-H will have peak at 3300
Alcohol
Board band around 3200-3600
Primary Amine
two short peaks after 3000
Secondary Amine
one peak after 3000
Conjugation ==
lower wavenumber
example: 1750 to 1680
Effect of Resonance
Resonance decreases the wavenumber
Woodward Fieser rules: base line
217 nm
Woodward Fieser rules: each extra double bond
add 30 for each
Woodward Fieser rules: auxochromic alkyl group
add 5 for each
Woodward Fieser rules: each exocyclic double bond
add 5 for each
(An exocyclic double bone is when one vinylic position is part of a ring and the other vinylic position is not part of the ring)
Woodward Fieser rules: homoannular diene
add 39
Which of the following is the least soluble in water?
A. Alcohols
B. Secondary Amines
C. Primary Amines
D. Carboxylic acids
B. Secondary Amines
Dehydration of cyclohexanol follows:
A. Markovnikov’s Rule
B. Zaitsev’s Rule
C. Evelyn Effect
D. Hallalov Rule
B. Zaitsev’s Rule
In the dehydration mechanism, the first step is:
A. Formation of the carbocation
B. Protonation of the “OH” group
C. Loss of a proton
D. Rearrangement
Protonation of the “OH” group
Dehydration reaction is done in a distillation apparatus:
A. The alkene is toxic
B. To push the equilibrium to the right
C. To push the equilibrium to the left
D. To condense the reactants back
B. To push the equilibrium to the right
Draw the product of the dehydration reaction of
Note
Flashcard