C.1

The global network of computers and servers that allows people to connect and share information worldwide.

A system of interconnected web pages and content on the Internet, accessible through web browsers.

A unique string of characters that identifies a specific resource, such as a web page or file, on the Internet.

A web address that specifies the location of a resource on the Internet.

A system that translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses, enabling web browsers to find websites.

1. initial request: checks for IP address in the cache, if it’s not there it makes a DNS query

2. recursive queries: to find the requested information, the DNS may query other DSN servers

3. iterative queries: the DNS server that receives the query tries to answer as best as it can with its own knowledge. it may direct the user towards a server that might have more information, but will not find the information itself.

4. response: the authoritative name server responds with the IP address of the domain.

A set of rules that govern how data packets should be sent, received, and routed across the Internet.

A communication protocol that ensures reliable and ordered data transmission over the Internet.

The elements that make up a web page, including text, images, links, and multimedia.

Agreed-upon rules and formats that enable seamless communication and consistency on the Internet.

A web page with fixed content that doesn't change unless manually updated by a web developer.

A web page that can change its content in real-time based on user input or data from a database.

Code that runs on the user's computer within a web browser to enhance interactivity.

Code that runs on a web server to process requests and generate dynamic web page content.

Databases or services that provide data for dynamic web pages.

A protocol for executing scripts on a web server to generate dynamic web content.

The ongoing development and changes in web technologies, protocols, and user experiences.

The protocol used to transfer and display web content over the internet.

An encrypted version of HTTP, providing secure communication over the internet.

The standard markup language for creating web pages.

A markup language used to store and transport data, designed to be self-descriptive.

A language for transforming XML documents into other formats like HTML.

A programming language commonly used for creating interactive effects within web browsers.

A stylesheet language used to control the presentation and layout of HTML documents.

A standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server.

A document that can be accessed and viewed using a web browser over the internet.

Software used to access, retrieve, and view documents on the World Wide Web.

• 1990s - early 2000s

• static, read-only content

• webmaster dominance

• limited user engagement: simple forms and email communication

• 2000s-2010s

• User-generated content + social networking: social media, blogs, increased sharing of information and communication

• interactivity: dynamic content like AJAX applications

• collaboration: emerging Wikis, where users can contribute and edit content

• emergence of cloud computing services: access to data and apps over the internet

• 2010s-present, semantic web

• data connectivity: focused on making data more connected and machine-readable

• semantic understanding: technologies to read and interpret the content, instead of just displaying it, which makes the website more intelligent and interconnected

• AI; integration of AI and machine learning for a more intuitive search and data analysis

the delivery of computing services over the internet, without the need for user maintenance and with a “pay-as-you-go” approach